|
The ''zone libre'' ((:zon libʁ), ''free zone'') was a partition of the French metropolitan territory during World War II, established at the Second Armistice at Compiègne on 22 June 1940. It lay to the south of the demarcation line and was administered by the French government of Marshal Philippe Pétain based in Vichy, in a relatively unrestricted fashion. To the north lay the ''zone occupée'' ("occupied zone") in which the powers of Vichy France were severely limited. In November 1942, the ''zone libre'' was invaded by the German and Italian armies in ''Case Anton'', as a response to Operation Torch, the Allied landings in North Africa. Thenceforth, the ''zone libre'' and ''zone occupée'' were renamed the ''zone sud'' (southern zone) and ''zone nord'' (northern zone) respectively. From then on both were under German military administration. ==Origins of the ''zone libre''== (詳細はBattle of France, Marshal Wilhelm Keitel, representing the Nazi Germany, and General Charles Huntziger representing Pétain's government, signed an armistice at the Rethondes clearing in the forest of Compiègne, which stipulated in its second article: The line separating French territory into two zones was defined on a map attached to the treaty.〔 This separation line took effect on 25 June 1940.〔, sur le site du ministère de la Défense ''defense.gouv.fr''. Consulté le 24 octobre 2008.〕 It was thereafter referred to as the ''ligne de démarcation''.〔The name ''ligne de démarcation'' did not figure in the terms of the armistice, but was coined as a translation of the German ''Demarkationslinie''.〕 French sovereignty persisted throughout the whole territory, including the ''zone occupée'', Alsace and Moselle, but the terms of the armistice in its third article stipulated that Germany would exercise the rights of an occupying power in the ''zone occupée''.〔 When the Allies invaded North Africa on 8 November 1942, the Germans and Italians immediately occupied the remaining free part of France. After being renamed ''zone sud'', ("south zone"), it was thereafter ruled by the Wehrmacht as a part of occupied France. The liberation of France began on 6 June 1944 with the Allied forces landing on D-Day and the Battle of Normandy. Most of France was liberated by September 1944. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Zone libre」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|